Alkane / Alkane functional group / alkane formula / nomenclature / nomenclature of alkane

              ALKANE

alkane

What is alkane

Alkane is the parental hydrocarbon in which only carbon and hydrogen atom is bonded in different number. alkane is the saturated  hydrocarbon means that all the carbon and carbon single bonded.

 The simplest member of alkane is methane which contain one carbon atom which called methane (CH4).alkane is variable with to the carbon number to formed carbon long chain by deriving from the small chain increasing the one methyl group(CH3).this long chain present in a various manner such is open chain and cyclic manner which depend upon on the combination. But this combination is formed according to the formula which is different for both open chain and cyclic alkane. e.g. the open chain alkane formula is CnH2n+2, while the formula of cyclic alkane is CnH2n. but the cyclic alkane is called cycloalkane. The properties of cycloalkane and open chain is slightly is change, hence the cycloalkane is study in separate class. there is another interesting point in the open chain molecules is that when the number of carbon is increase in chain, the different number of member of alkane is increase which finally divided the alkane into the branched chain and straight chain molecules .the functional group of alkane is carbon-carbon single bond and carbon-hydrogen bond. hence alkane is defined as “those hydrocarbon in which all the carbon atom are joined each other by single covalent bond are called alkane”.

alkane formula

The alkane formula is according to the carbon and hydrogen atom is C2H2n+2.

 saturated hydrocarbon

 

Saturated word used for things in which in no more capacity of absorbing of something, hence in alkane is no more absorbing capacity of H2 or any other molecules. Because each carbon is tetravalently  satisfied by single bond. Hence the alkane is called saturated hydrocarbon.

paraffin

In alkane all the carbon fully satisfied by single sigma bond, which make it become less reactive, that why is called paraffin. when the number of carbon atom is increase in the alkane molecules, the alkane is change from gas to liquid state, become is liquid paraffin which is the mixture of saturated hydrocarbon called liquid paraffin.

alkane functional group

Basically the alkane is looking like, their is no alkane functional group is present but the alkane functional group of is carbon and carbon & carbon and hydrogen bond. In the alkane most of the reaction of alkane is due to the replace the hydrogen OR carbon atom is replace by any other than carbon atom.

Alkane hybridization

In alkane the carbon atom is only formed a single bond, hence in alkane is SP³ hybridization.

What is the type of bond in alkane.?

We know that the composition of alkane is contain only carbon and hydrogen, which is non-metal formed only covalent bond. That why only covalent bond present in alkane.

So, let us discussed the alkane with different aspect. e.g. chemistry nomenclature, physical properties, preparation, chemical reaction, cracking and pyrolysis etc.

Nomenclature

What is nomenclature

Nomenclature definition

The naming to compound according to the assign rule of international union of pure and applied chemistry base on the composition and structure of compound is called nomenclature.

But the rule of nomenclature is different for the organic and inorganic compound in chemistry.it my opinion in organic chemistry is rules according to the structure of compound, while an inorganic chemistry this rules in according to the composition.

Nomenclature meaning

Nomenclature is the naming system in which we name to the compound under the chemistry assigned rules. the naming system of compound in initial time is called common nomenclature.

Common nomenclature

some important point of common system.

1). this system is for simple alkane, no more branches(complex molecules).

2).The number of carbon atom in the chain of alkane is indicated by Greek name.

3).The name of alkane is lastly contain word “ane”.

The name of some alkane is according to the common system.

Methane for one carbon containing alkane (CH4).

Ethane for two carbon containing alkane (CH3-CH3). etc

Name of alkane           Number of carbon atom in alkane
Methane CH4	One carbon alkane
Ethane  C2H6	Two carbon alkane
Propane C3H8	Three carbon alkane
Butane  C4H10	Four carbon atom alkane
Pentane C5H12	Five carbon alkane
Hexane C6H14	Six carbon alkane
Heptane C7H16	Seven carbon alkane
Octane C8H18	Eight carbon alkane etc.